The MMed Clinical Oncology program in Tanzania was established in the year 2010 under the Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS) in collaboration with the Ocean Road Cancer Institute (ORCI), in response to the need for a local postgraduate training program in oncology to cater for the ever-increasing numbers of cancer patients in the country. The program is spread over 6 semesters (3 years), with residents receiving a review of basic sciences at MUHAS, and then at ORCI where they undergo clinical apprenticeship, and are trained in various ‘core’ examinable subjects including physics, radiobiology, professional ethics, cancer epidemiology and prevention, and radiotherapy equipment, planning and delivery procedures. A research project in the form of a dissertation is also required for successful completion of the program. Over the 9-year period since it was established, the program has produced 32 alumni and currently has 23 residents in training. It has a strong regional intake, receiving students from Kenya, Rwanda, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Congo and the Comoros. Nearly all graduates from the program are practicing oncology, more than 80% having access to radiation therapy equipment in a public facility. Nearly half are also actively involved in research and/or academic activities. Identified areas for strengthening the program include increasing the program length to 4 years, adding core modules in medical oncology and updating existing courses in radiotherapy to meet current needs for training in 3-Dimensional and conformal radiotherapy techniques. While waiting for formal curriculum review to incorporate these changes, initiatives have been made within the department and at ORCI to address the gaps in the program structure; these include In-house chemotherapy training modules, ‘sandwich’ training, short term fellowships, observerships and capacity building in 3-D radiotherapy for faculty and residents.